History Of Volleyball Essay

On February 9, 1895, in Holyoke, Massachusetts, William G. Morgan, a YMCA P.E. director, made a game called Mignonette as a fun game to pass time by , to be mostly be played inside but could be played outside, by any number of players. The game took some of its characteristics from tennis and handball. Another indoor sport, basketball was becoming popular in the area due to the fact that it had been invented just ten mile away for Springfield Massachusetts, four years before volleyball was. Mintonette was designed to be an indoor sport, less rough than basketball, for older members of the YMCA, while still requiring the players to at least have some type of athleticism. Volleyball is a sport that is becoming more and more popular as the days go on. Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team’s court under organized rules William Morgan Created. There are many differen t achievements and history made from the creation of volleyball until now. William Morgan was born in the state of New York and studied at Springfield College in Massachusetts. While attending Springfield, Morgan met James Naismith who invented basketball in 1891. Morgan was motivated by Naismith’s game of basketball designed for younger students to invent a game for the older members of the YMCA. William Morgan’s basis for the new game of Volleyball was the then popular and similar German game of Faustball and a few other sports including, tennis, basketball, baseball and handball. William Morgan graduated high school from Northfield Mount Hermon School and moved on to hen attended the YMCA International Training School; now known as Springfield College in Massachusetts with James Naismith, the inventor of basketball. Morgan and Naismith wanted careers in Physical Education at the YMCA. Morgan spent one year working prior to graduating from Springfield College in Auburn, Maine, at the YMCA. During the summer of 1895, Morgan moved to Holyoke, Massachusetts, where he still to worked for the YMCA as the Director of Physical Education. Since Morgan was the Director he was allowed to devise workout plans and teach sports in depth to the young male adults. February 9 1895, the first volleyball game, originally called â€Å"Mintonette†, was played in Holyoke Massachusetts at a YMCA. William Morgan saw basketball as extremely physically demanding, because you had to constantly run up and down the court. He didn’t think that his was something that older, non-athletic adults, and businessmen, weren’t in good enough shape to do. Seeing this, he began to create a game with similar objectives to basketball, but for people who weren’t in as good of shape, such as a group of middle-aged businessmen who were members at his YMCA. He also borrowed ideas from a few different sports, such as tennis, handball, baseball, and badminton to make volleyball. He used the inside of a basketball as the first volleyball. In the original rules, the net would be 6 ft. 6 inches, this was because he wanted it a little taller than most of the men who would be playing it. It would have a court that was 25 ft. By 50 ft., so it could easil y be played in different YMCAs. It had two teams of any number of players, because he wanted it to accommodate differing sized groups. Each match consisted of nine innings. Each team could serve three times per inning. There was no limit to the number of times each team could contact a ball before volleying it back to the other team. Each server was allowed two tries to get the ball over the net. A point would be awarded to the other team if the ball hit the net, except in the case of a faulty first serve, if the ball failed to be served back to the other side before hitting the ground; or if the ball was hit outside of the court by the team that had just returned it over the net. Mintonette was first played at his YMCA and the rules were tweaked over the course of a little under a year until 1896 when Morgan wrote down the â€Å"final† rules and submitted them for review at a YMCA Physical Director’s Conference. At that same conference at the International YMCA Traini ng School, the first exhibition game was played between different YMCA groups. One of the spectators of this exhibition match, Dr. Alfred T. Halstead suggested to Morgan that a better name for the sport than Mintonette would be â€Å"Volley Ball†. Volleyball was originally two words until 1952, when it was officially changed to one word because the game primarily consisted of volleying a ball back and forth. Morgan liked the new name and so re-named the sport. Volleyball received an unexpected boost with the outbreak of WWI. The YMCA established a War Office, which decided to include volleyball in the recreation and education program for  American armed forces at home and abroad. Thousands of balls, nets, and rulebooks were distributed to U.S. troops. By the end of the war, the game had traveled with the army to France, Italy, and Egypt. It was especially well received in Eastern European countries where long, harsh winters made indoor sports attractive. Russians discovered volleyball in the early 1920s when the game was played at YMCAs in the new Soviet Union. Within a few years, Russians had claimed the sport as their own. In 1927, Soviet officials ejected the YMCA as a â€Å"capitalistic, bourgeois, and religious† organization, but volleyball stayed. The sport became so popular in the Soviet Union that within a decade over 400,000 people played the game. The USSR held the world’s first national volleyball championship. O ne match was played on the stage of the Bolshoi Theater. World War II continued the global spread of volleyball. The Federation International de Volleyball says â€Å"everywhere, from the South Pacific to the Finnish front, volleyball drew crowds among troops engaged in the Second World War.† The sport was especially well-adapted to the limited space on aircraft carriers. In the 1920s and 1930s, women began to play the game. Russia won the first world championship for women held in Moscow in 1952. The rapid growth of California’s population after WWII created another venue for and variant of the game beach volleyball, it received official status in 1986. Today volleyball is one of the most popular team sports in the world and is still growing, though obviously professionally speaking; it’s still not as popular as sports such as association football, Baseball, Basketball, American Football, or the like. The Federation International de Volleyball is saying that they believe is currently the world’s most played team sport. Volleyball first reached Asia in 1908 when a Springfield College graduate demonstrated the game at the YMCA in Tokyo. In 1910, two representatives of the Y brought the game to China, and the YMCA director in Manila introduced it to the Philippines. William Morgan, the Holyoke inventor of the game, died in 1942 at the age of 68. If he would have lived just a little bit longer he would have got to see the creation of an international volleyball federation in Paris. In 1964, the International Olympic Committee recognized volleyball as an official Olympic sport. Although it is not as popular in the United St ates as basketball but volleyball was played all over the world. In 1946 A study of recreation in the United States showed that volleyball was ranked fifth among team sports being promoted and organized. In 1947, the Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball was founded in Paris. In 1948, the first two-man beach tournament was held. In 1949, the first World Championships were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia. In 1949 USVBA added a collegiate division, for competitive college teams. For the first ten years collegiate competition was sparse. Teams formed only through the efforts of interested students and instructors. Many teams ended when the interested people left the college. Competitive teams were not in one place. In 1951 Volleyball was played by over 50 million people each year in over 60 countries. In 1955 – Pan American Games included volleyball. In 1957 The International Olympic Committee stated that volleyball was an Olympic team sport that would be in the 1964 Olympic Games. In 1959 the International University Sports Federatio n held the first University Games in Turin, Italy. Volleyball was one of the eight competitions held. In 1960 Seven Midwestern colleges created the Midwest Intercollegiate Volleyball Association. In 964 Southern California Intercollegiate Volleyball Association was formed in California. In the 1960’s new techniques added to the game included, the soft spike, forearm pass, blocking across the net, and defensive diving and rolling. In 1964, Volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo. The Japanese volleyball used in the 1964 Olympics, was made up of a rubber carcass with leather paneling. The balls in the competitions today look pretty much the same. In 1965, the California Beach Volleyball Association was formed. 1968 National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics made volleyball their fifteenth competitive sport. In 1969 The Executive Committee of the NCAA proposed addition of volleyball to its program. In 1983, the Association of Volleyball Professionals was formed. In 1984, the US won their first medals at the Olympics in Los Angeles. The Men won the Gold, and the Women the Silver. In 1986, the Women’s Professional Volleyball Association was for med. These are just few accomplishments and impacts volleyball had. Volleyball is beginning to become one of Americas, and the world’s elite and popular sports. Ironically Basketball and Volleyball were created no more than 30 minutes apart and in the same time period. Today volleyball is one of the most popular team sports in the world and is still growing, though obviously professionally  speaking; it’s still not as popular as sports such as association football, Baseball, Basketball, American Football, or the like. However, the Federation International de Volleyball claims that it is currently the world have most played team sport. Volleyball is growing and will always continue to do so. Bibliography Mass Moments, . â€Å"Holyoke Man Creates volleyball.† www.masmoments.org. Mass Moments.org. Web. 20 Feb 2014. . Today I found out, . â€Å"February 9th: William G. Morgan Invents a Game Called Mintonette that is Better Known Today as Volleyball.† www.todayifoundout.com. TodaIfoundout.com. Web. 20 Feb 2014. . History of volleyball, . â€Å"History of volleyball.† Vball.com. N.p.. Web. 20 Feb 2014.

Human Resource Management Ethics and Employment Essay

Talisman Incorporation management was forced to cut their operations in Sudan. Any commercial operations and gained benefits cannot become a price for protesting riots and the new splash of civil war at any destination. As a matter of fact Talisman Company was told to sacrifice its subsidiary, which is worth around 12% from the Company total value, in order to save political stability. Talisman CEO Jim Buckee’s stated later, after the sale was announced that: â€Å"Talisman’s shares have continued to be discounted based on perceived political risk in-country and in North America . . . . Shareholders have told me that they were tired of continually having to monitor and analyze events relating to Sudan†. (Kobrin, 2004). Even with several years past Talisman situation is a good reason for numerous questions, which are certainly difficult to answer either from ethical or political side. The debates around such topics as foreign capital company responsibility for human rights and violation, the responsibility of management for decisions taking, and the necessity of issuing the institution in order to monitor violation, judge transgressions and to impose sanctions are loud even today. Certainly, there is no regulative powerful tool in such countries as Sudan for measuring, prediction and setting standards for corporative behavior through development of norms and monitoring violations cases. There is a good riddle to be solved within Talisman situation in Sudan. What will happen if Talismans management and board had to make a decision? Would they keep the property in Sudan and continue to try to make a difference through Talismans corporate social responsibility initiatives or the operations are to be cut? Analyzing Talisman situation in Sudan I need to admit that Talisman Incorporation for the years of Sudan operations has become a significant power and authority in the international political system through setting standards, supplying public goods and participating in negotiations. The summary is that political authority should imply public responsibility. This opinion ruins the traditional believe that only state and states agents are responsible for human rights violations. The reality brings the integrated structure of transnational corporations; their strategy is concerned with increasing integration of the global economy and increasing the number of problems between legal political structure and transnational corporations towards questions of human rights violation. Successful transnational corporation such as Talisman Company should become a regulative political mechanism itself for protection of individual rights, operating wise and employing all possible mechanisms for imposing obligations on company management and corporative culture regarding human rights violation and corporative policy in this question. These controversies in Sudan raised lot of questions for other Canadian companies, regarding the reasonability of such investments in foreign oil pipe-line projects. Should Canadian companies invest in Burma or Afghanistan? Who is responsible for risk caused by operations in the territories affected by civil wars and political riots? Political risk always presents in international operations. We can review such historical facts as nationalization of international companies in Russia after Bolshevik revolution. Statistically ten countries have nationalized their oil production before the year, 1970th. For me it is absolutely clear that Talisman Company had no chances to develop their productions under such tough political and activists pressure. Under the circumstances the way out was selling Talisman interest to the Company with suitable ethical background and negotiate policy due to questions of cultural and individual human rights, GNPOC property became a good candidate at the time. Analyzing the present situation in oil-gas Sudan policy, we can admit that petroleum sector including GNPOC is not transparent even nowadays. Corruption and thrilling political wars are the main reasons for that. Talisman Incorporation made a constructive decision through selling its share to GNPOC property, Canadian transnational corporation gained the second chance to develop their operations and grow internationally instead of being stuck in politicians’ games and corruption. The main question, which appeared shortly after Talisman story is more ethical than political, it is focused on the delegation of responsibility for human rights violations by any transnational corporation or its subsidiary operating in foreign territory with high risk of civil war or activists riots. It is obvious that the host country, Sudan in our case, is usually the first violator of human rights. Sudanese government paid very low attention to the accident with Talisman complicating the human rights of its citizens. At the other side, Canadian Government has analyzed Talisman Company Investments in Sudan thus a scope of threatened sanctions were taken to regulate Company activities. (Drohan, 1999, 2003; Frank, 1999). Dr. Campbell (2006, 258) states that, â€Å"†¦governments are, on the whole, neither able nor willing to effectively regulate MNCs, particularly when operating outside of their own jurisdiction and even in areas where legal regulation would be appropriate were it feasible†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Was Talisman selling the only way out of the situation and had Talisman Company the real Human Rights Obligations? Due to the core human and moral rights derived from human being dignity and equality of individual rights all members of human family (United Nations General  Assembly, 1998 (1948)) are identified with moral imperatives of positive law system (Campbell, 2006). So the moral standpoints due to Talisman Company obligations are positive, however they are opposite to commercial interest. Following the moral principals any transnational corporation should observe basic human rights at the legal location of their operations and respect the dignity of human rights as the core value of their business idea and a â€Å"moral compass for business practices† (Donaldson, 1996). Remembering the words of Jim Buckee, who would like Talisman Energy Inc. f Calgary, Alberta, to be known as a true Canadian success Company, that has increased oil and gas production by 30 percent a year since the mid-1990’s by reaching beyond its prairie base to develop wells in the North Sea, Indonesia and Sudan, I need to underline that there were no intentions from Talisman side to cut operations in Sudan. Full established oil production just has begun when the Company was attacked by church representatives, civil activists and pension funds in the USA and Canada for violation and genocide, and other abuses of human rights. Why us† Jim Buckee asked, he added: â€Å"We are a in business, we are not in politics, and we can only affect things within our sphere of influence. Now the holdings in Sudan amount to only 10 percent of Talisman’s total assets and we are happy with project and have no intentions to leave† (Buckee, 2000) The main goal of the conversation between Talisman and legal power forces was concerned with ability of Talisman Company to â€Å"†adopt a corporate code that includes human rights in it†. At that point Farther Ryan stressed: â€Å"†If you have that, and you’re a force for improving the situation, what are your objectives and strategies? And can you produce an audited result of what impact you’re having? If you can’t operate without violating human rights, the only option is to leave† (Ryan, 2000). That actually became a prediction for Talisman selling its share in Sudan and leaving and leaving. What type of business faces is adoptable for Sudanese political forces and civil activists, is there a definite one? China and Malaysia companies traditionally paying a low attention to human rights claiming that: â€Å"we are the only recognizable Western business face for Sudanese government† (Donaldson, 1996). At the same time, I cannot see any other way out for Talisman Corporation accept the possibility of business development out from Sudan, because according to the Westphalian Context each particular unit of any transnational corporation is obligated to be supervised by national jurisdiction including its own existing as a legal unit and legal personality, so its legal rights and duties are to be affected by the fact. Talisman corporation in our case is actually to be shifted through the grid of state sovereignty into an assortment of secondary rights and contingent liabilities† (Johns, 1994: 141) cited in (Cutler, 2001). On the other hand Westphalian orthodoxy suggests that â€Å"corporations could not have any direct obligations under international law and thus any positive duty to observe human rights† (Muchlinski, 2001). Such kind of â€Å"Treaties are signed by states and international law imposes obligations only on states and not on non-state actors†. (Pegg, 2003; Vazquez, 2005). At this stage of dispute there can be a compromise that it is important for the state to regulate and maintain the controlling tools for activities of non-state actors, because they might lead to human violation riots. Muchlinski, 2001: 35). So the idea of putting direct obligations on Talisman Corporation for human rights violation is some kind of interventionist, as even a sort of neo-colonial extension of violence in the conflict with the sovereign rights of the local/ host state. The problem is that there is a particular concern regarding the developing countries or those with high risk of national rebelling, these territories typically got the highest number of human right violation accusations imposed to transnational corporations. Current policy is reflected in the last draft of the United Nations Code of Conduct for Transnational Corporations code which called for TNCs to â€Å"respect the national sovereignty of the countries in which they operate† and noted that an â€Å"entity of a transnational corporation is subject to the laws, regulations and established administrative practices of the country in which it operates† (United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations, 1990,35). Talisman Company Sudanese conflict drugged the issuing of new tools for corporate behavior regulation afterwards. The Proposal for Human Rights Related Regulation is purposed with building corporate policy for Canadian companies operating on risky territories providing the following recommendations to them: â€Å"All Canadian securities commissions should initiate discussion among their members about issues relating to corporate conduct in war zones, with special reference to direct or arm’s length trade in weapons and materiel, involvement with individuals and companies recruited abroad to engage in hostilities in a third country, or the arrangement of mining concessions in return for protection of any sort. Guidelines dealing with such issues should be created or added to existing codes. † (Campbell, T. 2006). Canadian business is deeply international; its global presence dictates the new rules and policies to all the parties including attention to ethical, social and environmental responsibility regarding local communities’ safety and human rights. The new set of proposals for regulation is issued specially for Canadian global business and aimed to help establishing the friendly community operating business relationship within host company state and non state infrastructures.

Tips in Casino Games

How would you like to win at blackjack? Keep reading if you are interested in gaining some valuable advice from a retired dealer, if not turn to the home gardening page. Blackjack is one of the most popular games played at the casino because it is a game where the player can have an edge over the house. Basically, the object of the game is to beat the dealer. Having a hand with a value higher than the dealer or having a legal hand while the dealer busts does this. The player must know some basic strategies and procedures in order to have an edge over the house. The process starts before entering the casino; however, the principal procedures are carried out while at the table. Some strategies and procedures include money management, picking the right table and counting cards. Money management is as important as playing strategies. This process starts at home and finishes when the night is over. Firstly, a player should determine how much money to bring to the casino. A good rule is to multiply the average bet by 25; this allows for at least 25 hands. This is important because blackjack is a game that fluctuates with highs and lows, but in the long run, with good strategies, the edge is in the favor of the player. Also a loss limit can be set beforehand. The loss limit is the amount of money that a player will lose before quitting the game. Usually the loss limit is set to the initial amount, but should never be set at more than that. When at the table, money management is also important. There are two simple rules: leave if the money doubles and leave if the money is lost. Try to double the initial amount and if this is done, leave. It has been a good night. However if the initial amount is lost or the loss limit is reached, leave. Never get more money to play with because this generally leads to more losing and more emotional distress. Management over emotions and money will lead to success at the table. Picking the right table may determine whether winning or losing occurs. When arriving at the casino, do not play right away. Study the tables, the players and the dealers. Study all the anchors; that are the players who receive the last hand. More skilled players usual play this position. Having a good anchorman is invaluable because his/her moves determine the dealer†s hand. A good anchorman will save the table regardless of his/her own hand. Also study the other players at the table. Ignorant players can affect the shoe by making a bad move or decision. Lastly the dealer should be examined. Observe the speed at which the dealer deals the cards. Slower dealers will allow card counting, which will be explained in the next section, to be done more easily. Picking the right table can help increase the odds of winning at blackjack. More advanced players count cards to win at blackjack. Card counting is basically keeping track of the cards that have been dealt. This procedure is executed while playing at the table that has been chosen. This is the strategy used by Dustin Hoffman†s character while playing blackjack in the movie The Rain Man. His character uses card counting to his advantage to help a friend win a considerable amount of money. Advanced card counting is difficult to explain and difficult to employ; however, less advanced card counting is more straightforward and still useful. At the start of the shoe, count the number of face cards and aces, which have been dealt. There are 64 face cards and 16 aces in a shoe with four decks. By counting the card, the player has a better idea of what the next card will be. If a large proportion of face cards and aces are dealt at the beginning, the rest of the shoe is unfavorable. As a result lower the bet. If there are more face cards and aces towards the end of the shoe, then the upcoming hands are more favorable and this in turn increases the bet. Card counting is simple to learn with practice yet it is extremely powerful. Money management, picking the right table and counting cards are strategies that can help the player win at blackjack. Independent, each procedure can help improve the chance of winning but collectively, these strategies can give the player the winning edge. Following these easy to learn tips I present, you are on the road to winning at the game of blackjack, but remember this advice I give to you sincerely, do not forget to tip the dealers!

Market Across Culture Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Market Across Culture - Dissertation Example Direct exporting is one of the well-established market entry processes within the UK and Mexico. After 2000, the procedure of goods export from the UK to Mexico has witnessed a significant hike. During 2009, over 66%, i.e. almost 753 million pounds of the export from the UK to Mexico where goods. From 2011 to 2012, export of the UK products in the Mexican market increased by 12.5% i.e. 1.13 billion pounds. Market Growth Strategy After the market entry strategy, the organization needs to properly decide upon the market growth strategy. The analysis of Ansoff’s growth strategies will assist the organization to properly evaluate the growth opportunities within the Mexican market (Appendix 3). 48% of the population of Mexico originates from the Mexican-American cultural background, while almost 25% of them are from Spanish cultural background. As a result, the organization needs to select different market expansion strategy as per the differences in the culture. The food consumpti on pattern of the Mexican-American population is highly influenced by the US and UK culture. Therefore, the organization needs to utilize the market development strategy that will influence the management to introduce existing product for the new market. The food preferences of the Hispanic population are different from the UK food consumption pattern. They highly prefer corns, pepper, and beans in their food items. Hence, the marketers need to adopt diversification strategy to expand their business in the new market.

Planning the Audit Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Planning the Audit - Coursework Example rly attributed to the fact that fraud is often strategic in nature rather than random and the auditors may sometimes fail to detect potential fraud in the low risk audit areas when there is no sufficient audit procedure. One of the major findings of the paper is that the undetected misstatements among low risks accounts are significantly more common than what is suggested by the traditional risk assessment procedures. However, the results of the research particularly suggest that prompting the auditors to consider the how the organizational management may anticipate or exploit the risk assessments of the auditors may significantly help in the reduction of the number of incidences of undetected misstatements. The other important findings of the research include that the management are often more likely to act strategically by targeting the low risk accounts in order to conceal misstatement and auditors normally fail to detect misstatements in low risk accounts. This is largely based on the assumption that auditors would override the already existing process to personally include the misstatement in the low-risk account. This research paper is critically important to the upcoming or the already established auditors in the understanding of risk based instruct in financial statements preparations. This paper instructs the auditors to focus audit attention and resources majorly on the accounts that are preferably considered to be high-risk oriented for a specified audit engagement (Bowlin 2011). One of the implications of this paper to accounting profession is induction measure into strategically low-risk accounts to disguise misstatement. The research methodology used in the research as a basis for the conclusion involved subjecting 123 participants derived from accounting students enrolled in upper-division classes to computer based simulations related to audit engagement. The students were then paired in such a way that one represented an auditor while the other a

Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis - Essay Example Even when the films are seen the second time around, the element of suspense is still there, and such feelings of anxiety get stirred in the audience because â€Å"the viewers feel suspense for the character rather than fright or shock with the character†2. The addition of familiar elements to the viewers such as using well-known places as the story’s settings â€Å"capture the reality†3 for the audience, making the experience seem possible in real life. In this analysis, an extract from Hitchcock’s suspense movie, Sabotage (Alfred Hitchcock, 1936), also released as A Woman Alone would be used to discuss how the different film elements are utilized to show how suspense works wonders in the film. The extract starts after the first 10 minutes of the film’s beginning. After a power failure that aimed originally to terrorize but rather just surprised the citizens of London, the main characters, as well as the secret lives of Karl Verloc (Oskar Homolka) and Ted Spencer (John Loder) were revealed to the audience4. Spencer’s secret life of working as an agent in Scotland Yard was presented first, which shows that he does surveillance on the cinema that Mr. Verloc operates. Meanwhile, Verloc’s secret life as a member of foreign terrorists was revealed in the later part of the film extract. The suspense presented in this part of the film is the idea that two opposing powers live side by side in the same street, not knowing for sure about the true identities of one another. In order to portray this dilemma to the audience, certain aspects were done in order to show drama and conflicts within and among the characters. The term mise-en-scene describes the â€Å"expressive totality†5 of a particular moment that is shown to the viewers. Before and during the reveal of Spencer’s identity, he was shown to have changed his face from a welcoming face of a fruit vendor to a hard face, which was later followed by the c hanges in his clothing and persona to his true self, as a secret agent. Verloc, on the other hand did not change his clothing, but rather his inner self, from a seemingly-harmless cinema owner to a member of a terrorist group plotting to destroy London. In both scenarios, the lighting added to the strong effects of the reveal to the audience, as well as portraying who was in the side of justice. The added lighting in Spencer’s reveal showed how he was the one in the right side of the law, and the almost lack of lighting in Verloc’s reveal showed how he was in the wrong side of justice. The camerawork and the editing also added to the feeling of suspense in the movie’s extract. In the scenes that seem to be happening in real time, the transitions were abrupt cuts, while the scenes that showed excised time used fade, to imply the passage of time in the extract. The framing of shots also added suspense by the use of close-ups when showing the characters during the times when they have to face a dilemma. By limiting what is visible to the audience, the audience would be more focused on the character even more, as well as his or her â€Å"spatial relationship†6 to the world in the movie. The use of familiar elements such as London scenes in the movie made the movie seem even closer to home. This technique is used by Hitchcock in his movies in order to make the audience anxious because they could â€Å"find resonance†7 in the characters’ anxiety. Also, by not fully revealing the plot but just implying events that may happen

How Colinization affected the history of American Indians Research Paper

How Colinization affected the history of American Indians - Research Paper Example When the European colonizers came in, they grabbed land from the American Indians mercilessly thinking that they have more than enough land for themselves. There are too many instances of land grabbing by European Colonizers but we can cite two of the most blatant case of land grabbing. The first case is John Winthrop’s land grabbing whereby it also intersected with religion which also changed the American Indian’s way of life. John Winthrop was the leader of the Puritans that settled in Massachusetts Bay Colony whereby they settled and took the lands of the Indians. John Winthrop was very blatant in his quest to take lands from the Indians because he thought that it was the Will of God for them to have lands in the New World because they, the Puritans were the chosen people of God and that they were entitled to take Indian lands. Thus when the Puritans sail to the New World on their ship Arbelia, he thought that taking the lands of the Indian is like entering a covenan t with God whereby they â€Å"shall be a city upon a hill. The eies of all people are upon us (Winthrop 68). Winthrop believed that the Puritans had a duty to fulfill their covenant with God by serving as an example of an ideal Christian community to the world in erecting a community on Indian lands (Gleason). Another is the case of land grabbing is California Foragers case. The California Foragers may not have religious undertone in their quest to take lands from Indians but their method was brutal. This happened after the Gold Rush of 1849 whereby the American Indians were the first settlers in the gold mines. When the Europeans came into California in 1542, they took the lands of the American Indians by force and thousands were needlessly massacred (www.funsocialstudies.com). The extent of the massacre was so massive that much of the cultural identities of

Technical writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Technical writing - Essay Example cking are still being looked into, the various department heads of the company have decided to restrict the use of the email address to only official business until further notice. Our IT staff will also closely monitor the use of the email system and call the attention of those who violate the new policy. Continued violation of the new email policy will result in employee dismissal. Due to the delicate nature of our POS business, our company has decided to implement a Unique Employee Password Generation system on a monthly basis to replace our old individiualized password system that was based upon personal choice. This change is being undertaken by our IT department in cooperation with our Human Resources Department over the next month. You may access your Unique Employee Password by undertaking the following steps: Should you have any problems accessing your POS rights after the assignment of the new password, please do not hesitate to call the attention of Lisa Loeb at lisa.loeb@smssales.com. She is our point person during the implementation of this new project and she will always be on call to help you sort out any problems you might have as we slowly roll out this new password system. As a valued member of Eco Hotel and Spas Nature Lovers Club, it is my honor and privilege to present you with this free voucher for a weekend stay at our newest and most environmentally friendly hotel, the Azure Beach Resort. Our newest waterfront hotel this side of Beverly Hills. Located in on the north side of Beverly Hills, the beach boasts of the finest white sand this side of California, the bluest water to rival the color of our skies, and the pristine and almost untouched by human hands natural beauty of the forest adjacent to the hotel and beach. This members only beach resort shall have its soft opening on June 15, 2013 with only a handful of carefully selected Nature Lovers Club members gracing the occassion. I am more than pleased to have this opportunity to

Gold buying trends and investment in saudi arabia Research Paper

Gold buying trends and investment in saudi arabia - Research Paper Example These conditions illustrate market failure since the investors are not aware of the possible opportunities (Trivedi & Behera 2012). Real estate investment is the most preferred option among the Saudi Arabian investors in comparison to gold (Smith 2011). Such occurs since the interest rates are low, the environment has a higher liquidity, there is a population increase and the demand for housing is high (Kelly 2011). Moreover, the government does not have adequate housing projects, which indicates why investors venture on this opportunity of real estate investment. On the other hand, women depict a viable market for the gold since they create a strong demand for the commodity. Women need gold for gifts and jewelry they represent during ceremonies (Rivlin 2009). However, sudden increase in the price of gold makes women not to buy jewelry and focus on other alternative commodities. Nevertheless, it is anticipated that as the population increases, the demand for gold will increase. Since ancient civilization in the Hejaz area, Jeddah creates a unique gold market (Karunagaran 2013). This is because Jeddah has a sea port and acts as a main gate to al medina and Makah, which makes it a strategic market for gold on annual basis during the hosting of the pilgrims. Saudi Arabian Investors are also oriented on economic activities, which are related to mineral fuels. Such occurs since the country is involved with the exportation of mineral fuels (Middle East Monitor: Gulf 2014). Other investors focus on foreign direct and indirect investments because they regard such investments as lucrative in terms of the returns on their investments and earnings on profits. Their major focus of foreign investments is in the United Kingdom, Japan, United States, Germany, France and Switzerland (Erb & Harvey 2013). Investors favor other alternative investments instead of gold because they consider such investments to have low risks in comparison to gold trade investment.

What Is American Federalism Essay Example for Free

What Is American Federalism Essay According to Dye (2011), nations are not truly federal unless both national and subnational governments exercise separate and autonomous authority, both elect their own officials, and both tax their own citizens for the provision of public services (p. 263). American Federalism is just that. In the United States each state has their own government with elected officials, to go even further each town within these states also have their own elected officials. These officials govern these areas the way they see fit, however they each fall under the national government. Dye (2011) goes on to say that federalism requires the powers of the national and subnational governments to be guaranteed by a constitution that cannot be changed without the consent of both national and subnational populations (p. 263), this also is apparent in the United States as well. The founding fathers brought forth this federalist way in order to prevent one entity from having too much power, which in turn would allow the elites to rule over those less privileged and in turn them never having a voice. W/C: 176 When should we use Military Force? A President has a hard decision when it comes to deciding whether or not to use military force. When sending the military into any combat area lives are placed immediately at risk, those soldiers are ready and willing to defend their country however the President must be able to explain why the military is needed and justify why we have suffered wounded and lost lives. (Dye, 2011, p. 289) When deciding whether or not to use military force the president must consider several things. Is the use of military force going to protect vital interests? Does the President have the support of the American people and those in Congress? Is this force in support of important political objectives and lastly is this force in support of the war on terrorism? The commitment of US military force should be a last resort, after political, economic, and diplomatic efforts have been proven ineffective (Dye, 2011, p. 289). W/C: 153 What went wrong in Iraq? According to Dye (2011), The war in Iraq was a preemptive strike against terrorism, consistent with the declarations of the Bush administration about the necessity of fighting terrorists on their own ground rather than on American soil (p. 297). One of the biggest things that went wrong in Iraq was the limited number of troops originally sent in. The reason behind this was due in part to the vision of Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld to have a lean military force. (Dye, 2011, p. 97) Although the initial wave was able to take over and capture Baghdad, it was not enough to keep the are safe and free from insurgents. With the insurgents on the move the American military force was spread thin and they were not able to hold the cities they had once taken over. supply lines could not be defended and the insurgents quickly learned to plant IEDs-improvised explosive devices-along routes commonly used by the US troops. More casualties were inflicted by these devices than by any other means; the US did not have enough troops to guard supply routes (Dye, 2011, p. 99). Overall it seemed as though poor planning and lack of a vision from Donald Rumsfeld is what led to what went wrong in Iraq. W/C: 207 How do you fight Terrorism with Intelligence? In order to effectively and efficiently fight Terrorism with Intelligence is to have a strong Intelligence Community (IC) in place. According to Dye (2011), a proactive war on terrorism requires the collection, analysis, and dissemination of relevant foreign and domestic information to federal, state, and local government agencies, and to the American people (p. 13). It is up to the several components that make up the Intelligence Community to do just that, they must work together in order to form a cohesive unit and ensure that any information obtained is utilized in a way that will benefit the American people and US soil. In the world today the President relies on the Director of National Intelligence to coordinate and oversee all the functions within the IC, it is the DNI who reports directly to the president and is a member of the National Security Council, the presidents inner cabinet (Dye, 2011, p. 17). W/C: 151 What does it mean when we say the we are using American Troops for Nation Building? This statement comes along with the planning for postwar Iraq. One of the goals of the war was to uncover weapons of mass destruction, unfortunately these items were never found. During the planning phase for postwar Iraq the US had promised to help restore many things such as water, electricity and roads. Due to the US administrator for Iraq Paul Bremmer these things seemed to be out of reach as he began dismissing the entire Iraqi Army and pursued a policy of dismissing virtually all Iraqi managers and technicians (Dye, 2011, p. 299). Due to all of this the US had no choice to both recruit and train a new Army and police force that would serve Iraq, as well they were obliged to bring in contract workers, managers and technicians from the US to help restore all those things that were promised to the Iraqi people. Although the troops came in to fight a war in the end they were there it seemed to help rebuild the Nation.

Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor for Diabetic Foot

Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor for Diabetic Foot Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing:  A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Author: Lin Jin Background From 1980 to 2014, the prevalence of diabetes among adults aged 18 years and older has approximately doubled from 4.7% to 8.5%, and globally, the number of patients has almost quadrupled during this time period to an estimated 422 million people (1). Diabetic complications can arise if diabetes is improperly treated or left untreated. An example of a complication is diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), which is one of the most significant causes of amputation (2). Approximately 6% of all diabetic patients develop DFU annually (3), and they have a high risk of being infected, requiring hospital attention (4). Additionally, survival prognosis is low amongst patients with DFU, with 3-year cumulative mortality rate of 28% (3); Moreover, this rate almost doubles amongst diabetic patients with amputation (5). There is also a high economic cost associated with the treatment of DFUs owning to the long duration of the condition (6, 7), which often requires long-term hospitalization and results in loss of labour productivity (6). Therefore, DFU is rapidly becoming a growing public health challenge. DFUs are the consequence from diabetes-related vascular disease and neuropathy (8). Hyperglycemia induces several cellular mechanisms and abnormalities metabolic, leading to the endothelial dysfunction and the consequent ischemia and increased risk of ulceration (9). Neuropathy causes the reduction in feeling in the foot (8). Therefore, diabetic patients often do not notice foot injury, which can lead to ulceration. Metabolic abnormalities from Diabetes can result in ischemia of the endoneurial microvascular circulation, which further deteriorates nerves (10). Metabolic control, wound care, pressure relieving casts (11), debridement (12), pressure relief (13), and antibiotics are the rudimentary therapeutic interventions for the control of DFU. Growth factors, regarded as a relatively new therapy, function by activating growth and multiplication of cells while inducing protein production (14). These growth factors are regarded as ground-breaking  technologies in the science and art of wound healing (15). Epidermal growth factor was first isolated by Stanley Cohen from submaxillary glands of adult mice (16). It is a polypeptide that displaces strong mitogenic activity (17). Since its discovery, EGF has been isolated in human glands such as submandibular and parotid (18). It acts as an important regulator of cell growth, influencing both cell multiplication and differentiation, which can ultimately improve wound healing (19). Several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have evaluated the efficacy of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) -related treatment versus control treatment in patients with DFUs. To our knowledge, however, only one systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) has been published summarizing specifically the efficacy of rhEGF for DFU healing (20). This review indicates that rhEGF has a high efficacy in treating DFUs by accelerating wound healing (20). However, it is not comprehensive as non-English publications were excluded (20). It did not inc lude certain eligible RCTs that also meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria (21, 22). In addition, it is prone to the error lack of rigorous assessment of bias risks. Objective In light of the absence of rigorous assessment and conclusive analysis about the efficacy of rhEGF for DFUs healing, we plan to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs evaluating the efficacy of rhEGF for DFUs healing. The proposed systematic review with a broad scope will aim to address the previously noted limitations, and provide up-to-date best available evidence through rigorous synthesis methods, including assessment of the quality of the evidence using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Methods Sources and searches: The previous review of RCTs failed to include all eligible studies. Therefore, we plan to use the terms diabetic foot ulcer, epidermal growth factor and any relevant terms to perform search in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE (In-Process Other Non-Indexed Citations), EBSCO CINAHL and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, to select eligible studies. We will further manually search the reference lists of the included studies in key journals in the field. Study Selection: Randomized clinical studies, reported in any languages and published in any dates, recruiting adults ( >18 years old) with type 1 or type 2 Diabetes diagnosed with foot ulcer. Generally, DFU is classified using Wagner-Meggit (table 1) or University of Texas classification (table 2); and the proposed review includes DFU patients with any ulcer grade based on the two classifications. Trials are eligible for inclusion if the intervention is either topical application and/or intralesional infiltration of rhEGF-based formulation with or without standard treatment, and if the intervention is compared with placebo, or standard treatment. Urogastrone, Heberpro-p, Citoprot-P and Herbermin are the brand names ofrhEGF-based formulation. Standard treatment includes metabolic control, antibiotic therapy, debridement, wound dressing, and pressure relief. We will select main outcomes (patient-important for decision-making) from the Summary of finding table which lists all relevant outcomes. After r eviewing literature from primary studies, other relevant reviews, and clinical practice guidelines, we consider that any eligible studies should report at least one of the following primary outcomes, selected from the main outcomes: low limb amputation (at least one toe) rate, positive granulation response rate and time, complete wound healing rate and time, infection rate and/or ulcer recurrence rate. Main outcomes that are not selected will be taken as secondary outcomes. Exclusion criteria will apply to non-randomized control studies, e.g., case-control, cohort, case series, and other observational studies. Studies evaluating the efficacy of other types of growth factors for DFUs will be excluded.

Danone Dumex competitive edge

Danone Dumex competitive edge How does a Danone Dumex (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd SHAMSUDIN, SITI AKMAZNI maintain the brands competitive edge? 1.0 Introduction 1.1 COMPANY BACKGROUND Danone Dumex[1] is part of Groupe Danone, a Fortune 500 company which was operate since 1958, one of the most successful healthy food companies in the world. Its headquartered is in Paris, France. Besides, Danone Dumex manufactures infant and child nutritional products and these products are then distributed in Singapore and Malaysia with exports to twenty countries in Asia, Middle East, Africa and Europe. It is the market leader and ranked number one in overall customer satisfaction in a study conducted among medical professionals and the retail trade by AC Nielsen. Then, it is also named as a Top Three Brand Family by AC Nielsen in 2002 and 2003, as well as Best Employers in Malaysia for 2003 and 2005. 1.2 Justification of the topic In this assessment, I have choose Danone Dumex company because it has higher market share that lead it become a market leader in infant growing milk formula industry. As a manufacturer of infant and child nutritional products, all its products provide the right nutrition for optimum growth and development especially support a good digestive system of children at different stages. Besides, this company has an international relationship with Singapore, Brunei, Middle East and Africa in exporting its products. Thus, here, we can say that it is a multinational company in this industry. So, because of this, I want to investigate and do research about this company in this assessment. 2.0 Findings 2.1 New logo and packaging Recently, Danone Dumex (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd is thinking to rebrand its products. In this rebranding, Danone Dumex change logo and packaging[2]. The packaging was modern, dynamic and contemporary look and feel according to the Danone Dumexs sales director, Joris Bernard and GCH Retail (M) merchandising director, Ian Cruddas[3]. 2.2 Long-relationship with Malaysian parents and children Danone Dumex also want to communicate and commemorate long-term relationship with Malaysian parents, children and with the people outside. As it has a new brand identity, this will lead to customers loyalty to its products[4]. Hence, this sale of new product of Danone Dumex will boost its market. 2.3 Price Usually, as a market leader, the price of the products will be increase. But, for this company, Danone Dumex products are expected to not increase in price. It thinks and confident that the sales of its products will boost the markets and thus, cover its probably loss[5] from the cost of production, promotion and cost to advertise the products. 3.0 ANALYSIS OF THE ISSUES 3.1 Current Situation Product life cycle[6] is used in this analysis to show points at which businesses may need to consider launching new products, as older ones are in decline, allow a business to plan different styles of marketing, help a business to manage its product portfolio and identify points at which extension strategies may need to be introduced or should no longer sell a product. (Dave Hall, page 179). Hence, in this situation, Danone Dumex products now in maturity stage because its products have become established with a stable market share, as a market leader (Dave Hall, page 116 and 117) and the sales are clearly higher than any competing businesses in the same market (Peter Stimpson, page 135). Introduction Growth Maturity Saturation 3.2 New logo and packaging As a market leader and its products are at maturity stage, the competitors will enter the market to take advantage of profits. Thus, Danone Dumex decided to rebrand its products because it wants to maintain the brands competitive edge[7] where it is one of the advantages of rebranding. (Dave Hall, page 204 and 205). These can allow people and customers outside alert quickly with its products and expected the new sales will boost the sales of the products[8]. 3.3 Long-relationship with Malaysian parents and children The launch of its new brand identity had cause Danone Dumex to both communicate and commemorate their long-term relationship with Malaysian parents and children[9]. When having a long-relationship with Malaysian parents and children, this will help this company to get back in track and the new sales of the products will boost the sales. 3.4 Market leader From the article[10], Danone Dumex is the market leader in infant milk formula in Malaysia, which also has a market share about 40.9% in the year-to-date June period 2009 in the Standard Growing up Milk (GUM). It is also currently sells and exports its products to Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Middle East and Africa[11] that cause it to have higher market share and growing in market. Being a market leader, it will achieve the competitive edge because competition has become stiff for players in the growing up milk formula industry and this will not be a risk faced by this company. 3.5 Price The products can be expensive to promote and maintain the brand. An establishing a successful brand in a competitive market can be very costly. Small business may not be able to afford this. (Dave Hall, page 202). Cost of production, promotion and market the product will be higher as it is a new looks product. But in this situation, Dumex does not plan to increase prices of its products[12]. As a result, Danone Dumexs products are remaining in gaining the profit because of the loyalty customer in buying Danone Dumexs products[13] 3.6 SWOT Analysis of Danone Dumex To see the problem faced by this company clearly, I use SWOT analysis to access the present position of this company, the future or expected possible changes. Strength Weaknesses * Market leader[14] in milk formula industry (S1) * Loyalty customers (S2) * Healthy product for infants and children (S3) * Costly because has invested more than RM4 million in its new look venture (W1) * The prices for the new-look products are remains unchanged that will provide quite high loss and need more money to back up back the invested money for the new-look products. (W2) * Danone Dumex use above the line promotion (W3) Opportunities Threats * Long-term relationship between Danone Dumex and Malaysian parents and children. (O1) * Loyalty customers (O2) * Many competitors (T1) * Economic downturns (T2) * The resources and raw materials expensive (T3) Table 2 shows the SWOT analysis, the current and expectation of Danone Dumex SWOT analysis shows the current and expectation of Danone Dumexs product. Danone Dumex is a market leader (S1) in infant and growing up milk formula industry that can be strength of this company in its market. This is because there will be no strong competitive edge where can cause this company get loss. Besides that, although it is a market leader and rebranding its products, it does not expected to increase the price of its new rebrand product. Hence, all these are the strength of Danone Dumex besides it has loyalty customer (S2) to its products and its products are prove as a healthy product[15] (S3) for infants and children. However, this company also has a few weaknesses likes it has spent a lot which is more than RM4 million in its new look venture[16] (W1). So, this is the most risky ways of Danone Dumex to be faced as the prices for the new look products are remain unchanged[17] (W2) and used above the line promotion (W3) that is quite costly and expensive as its promotional method to advertise the new look product. The threats, the opportunities are the expectation that will face by this company in the future whether it will gain more profit or loss. The opportunities that will face by this company are the long-term relationship between this company and Malaysian parents and the children[18] (O1) and the loyalty customer (O2) for its new rebrand products. As these opportunities are faced by Danone Dumex, its expectation to not increase the price for the new look product will boost the market that can back up the invested money and prevent more loss for this new look product. Then, lastly is the threat or the bad expectation that will be face by this company. The first threat is there will be many competitors (T1) enter into the same market as Danone Dumex. Then, if there is economic downturns (T2) in any country, the unemployment will be increase, the buying power of the customers will be decreases and hence, causing Danone Dumex to has loss. Besides, the other threat is the resources and raw materials are expensive (T3) in the future as the raw materials are difficult to get and find. CONCLUSION With the commitment and willing to take the risks, it is believed that Danone Dumex will boost its sales as it rebranded its new-look products. This is because it is a market leader in this industry, has high market shares and the sales are also clearly higher as it exports its products to the other countries likes to Malaysia, Middle East, Singapore, Brunei and Africa. Even though its price is remaining unchanged, the loyalty customer and the well-established product of Danone Dumex in this milk formula industry have made its sales boost the market and gain profit. This is the strength of Danone Dumex as the market leader and has high market share[19] as shown and explained in SWOT analysis. Hence, for me, there will be no problem for Danone Dumex in get profit and maintain its competitive edge. In addition, from my survey[20], it is proven that Danone Dumexs products are healthy for infant and growing-up milk formula industry, has higher percentage of the loyalty customer to its products and most of the customers are afford to buy and spent for the reasonable price for the new look products. So, even though Danone Dumex is still market leader, has loyalty customer towards its products, it cannot stop or avoid the expectation and coming threat that will influence its sales in the future. Hence, does Danone Dumex still can maintain its competitive edge in the future? BIBLIOGRAPHY General Texts 1) Dave Halls @ Rob Jones @ Carlo Raffo @ Ian Chambers and Dave Gray, 2004. Business Studies (Third Edition) Legoprint, Italy. Waring Collins Ltd. 2) Peter Stimpson. AS Level and A Level Business Studies. Oxford New York. 3) Andrew Gillespie. AS Level and A Level Business Studies. Oxford New York. 4) About us Danone Dumex retrieved from http://www.dumex.com.my/about_us 5) Danone Dumexs article, ‘Danone Dumex Quality Assurance retrieved from http://www.dumex.com.my/whats_new_2009/article/2009_Quality_Assurance 6) Unknown author, ‘Danone Dumex Melamine-Free Shanghai Regulator Says retrieved from http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?sid=aSE8M3rTXulwpid=20601080 7) Unknown author, the other research regarding the rebranding process http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5h7VgLkRxkbLdTKu21W3Y6KGIH1Q 8) Unknown author, ‘Global Baby Food Market retrieved from http://www.bharatbook.com/Market-Research-Reports/Global-Baby-Food-Market.html 9) Unknown author, ‘Breaking The Rules, Stretching The Rules 2004 retrieved from http://www.ibfan.org/english/pdfs/btr04.pdf 10) Lenny, Bernama, ‘Players in growing up milk formula market face stiff competition retrieved from http://besonline.rtm.gov.my/details.php?id=2468pageno=3field=bu_Titleorder=ASCtitle=Business/Economy 11) Unknown author, ‘About Us-Danone Dumex retrieved from http://www.dumex.com.my/about_us 12) http://www.hotfrog.com.my/Companies/Dumex-M 13) Unknown author, ‘About Us- Danone Dumex retrieved from http://www.dumex.com.my/ 14) Unknown author, ‘Danone Dumexs products sport a new look retrieved from http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/7/8/business/21761434sec=business Title of the article: Business Leaders say Rebranding is Key to Recovery Sources: Article from website of Britannica Online Date: 14th February 2009 Website: Author: Tom Banks Business Leaders say Rebranding is Key to Recovery Design Week, February 12, 2009 by Tom Banks Summary: The article focuses on importance of rebranding and design to fight against economic recession and assist business recovery in Great Britain. It states that rebranding helps business leaders to achieve a competitive line and commitment to its services and businesses. It also notes that rebranding builds a new relationship with the customers and the businesses. Excerpt from Article: News in Depth Business leaders say rebranding is key to recovery By Tom Banks A majority of UK companies see a successful rebrand as a key way of weathering the recession, according to new research. Implementation, Rebranding and Design, a report commissioned by branding consultancy the Principle Group, surveyed 250 marketing directors of blue chip companies and UK business owners, and found that the majority recognise the importance of rebranding in a downturn and acknowledge the role of design in assisting business recovery. Levels of confidence varied across the survey, but it found that 65 per cent of business leaders and managers believe rebranding will help large corporate institutions get back on track, and 85 per cent say design will play an important role in generating a recovery for some, or all, brands. A successful rebranding was seen by 64 per cent of UK business leaders as a route to gaining a competitive edge in a downturn. Similarly, 63 per cent agreed that a new identity signified a bold embracing of change. Commenting on the research, Ron Cregan, business strategy director at consultancy Navyblue, says, Any brand with the appetite to develop its brand identity in a recession demonstrates a willingness to challenge the market and a commitment to its businesses, services and products. But he adds that many companies will restrain their brand and marketing spend, for fear of being seen to be spending while people are †¦ Supporting Document 5 (Primary Data) Survey: Awareness of the Malaysians Towards Danone Dumexs Products Especially Its New-Look Products. Date: 25th October 2009 I am an IB student of MARA College Seremban and I am doing research about the awareness of the Malaysians towards Danone Dumexs products especially its new-look products. Thus, I need your help in filling out these questionnaires. Tick the box with √ and answer the questions. 1) Gender : Male Female 2) Status Married Single Widow/ widower Others†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3) What are the instant milks for baby that you know in our industry? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4) What kind of instant milk for baby that you or your family had chosen before this? Fernleaf Danone Dumex Nestle Others †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5) Why you use the same instant milks for your whole family? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6) Annual household income : Less than RM1000 RM 5001 RM 10000 RM 1001 RM 5000 RM 10,001 and above 7) Usually, how much you or your family (mom or dad) spent for the instant milks? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ For these questions, tick √ for your answers for these statements. Statements Strongly know Know Not sure Doesnt know Strongly doesnt know 8) Do you know any products from Danone Dumex? 9) Have you try to any its products? 10) Do you notice that Danone Dumex has a new-look products? 11) Danone Dumex products contained DHA (docosahexaenoic ) and AA ( arachidoinic acid ) that were important for brain cells. Do you know with these statements? 12) Danone Dumex contains 1c-FOS (long-chain fructo oligosaccharides) dietry fibre and essential nutrients that help support a good digestive system. 13) Danones Dumex milk is melamine-free. 14) For all the advantages of having Danone Dumex products that I have listed above, do you and your family want to try and use Danone Dumex products? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ FINDINGS 1. 78% buyers are married person and the other 22% is bought by widow/widower and single person who are the siblings of the child. 2. 69% buyers bought Danone Dumexs products which is 57% is the old customers and another 12% is the new customers. 3. Most of consumers loyal to Danone Dumexs products because they know the ingredients and contents in the instant milk that will help for sufficient nutrient and growing to their babies. 4. 93% of the customers are from the females customers. 5. Most of the customers said that they afford to buy and spent their money to buy the affordable price of Danone Dumexs products. [1] Retrieved from http://www.dumex.com.my/about_us [2] Supporting document 1- Danone Dumex Products Sport a New Look [3] Supporting document 2 Giant Spotted in Shah Alam Company Unveils Huge Logo as Part of Rebranding Exercise [4] Supporting document 1 Danone Dumex Products Sport a New Look [5] Supporting document 3 Players in Growing Up Milk Formula Market Face Stiff Competition [6] Product life cycle shows the different stages that a product passes through and the sales that can be expected at each stage. [7] Supporting document 2 Giant Spotted in Shah Alam Company Unveils Huge Logo as Part of Rebranding Exercise [8] Supporting document 1- Danone Dumex Products Sport a New Look [9] Supporting document 1- Danone Dumex Products Sport a New Look [10] Supporting document 1- Danone Dumex Products Sport a New Look [11] Supporting document 3 Players in Growing Up Milk Formula Market Face Stiff Competition [12] Supporting document 3 Players in Growing Up Milk Formula Market Face Stiff Competition [13] Supporting document 5 Survey: Awareness of the Malaysian Towards Danone Dumexs products Especially Its New-Look Products [14] Is a business which makes decisions which tend to be followed by other businesses in the market. [15] Supporting document 3 Players in Growing Up Milk Formula Market Face Stiff Competition [16] Supporting document 1- Danone Dumex Products Sport a New Look [17] Supporting document 1- Danone Dumex Products Sport a New Look [18] Supporting document 1- Danone Dumex Products Sport a New Look [19] Supporting document 1- Danone Dumex Products Sport a New Look [20] Supporting document 5 Survey: Awareness of the Malaysian Towards Danone Dumexs products Especially Its New-Look Products

Heartbreak Essay -- Personal Narrative Essays

Salty tears of frustration streamed down my checks into the steaming mineral water that surrounded me. No one noticed; no one cared. I was just another stranger in the crowd drifting along in Glenwood Pool. There was only one difference; I was alone. Everyone else in the pool seemed to have someone, and everywhere I looked couples were kissing! If someone had been surveying the whole thing they would have found happiness in every corner ... then they would have seen me; sulking in my corner of the pool with fat, old, wrinkly, bald men swimming past me repeatedly. I let out a withered sigh, which caused me to choke in the middle of yet another sob. I had had enough. I weakly pulled myself out of the pool and walked to my towel. I grabbed the huge, orange and white stripped thing and wrapped it around my shivering body, hoping to find some warmth and comfort; but even my monstrous beach towel could not cut the chill I felt inside. I started to walk to the changing room past the hundred faces I knew nothing of, but by now were familiar. I had searched each face a hundred times hoping to see someone I knew. Finally, I realized that I knew none of them, and the person I was looking for just wasn't coming. A little boy with a toothless smile came running toward me. I stopped him and gave him my water slide tickets. He gave me a smile that said I had given him the world and ran away squealing after his daddy. I sighed again and thought, "Well, at least he's happy!" My throat tightened as I swallowed another sob. I quickened my pace to the changing room. I wanted to get away from this place as soon as possible. I opened the door and walked in. The smell of sulfur, soap, and shampoo assaulted my nostrils, while the sight of naked wom... ...seen. Three hours I had waited by myself in the pool, but Thomas had never come. I walked to my locker, retrieved my things, and headed for the shower. All I wanted was to get away from the pain I felt. The car was hot and stuffy when I slipped back into the driver's seat. I found the most depressing music I owned and drove out of Glenwood as the sun started to set. Two more hours until I was home, two more hours of thinking what a terrible day I had gone through, and two more hours of cussing myself for being so naà ¯ve. The drive was a long one. On the way home, tears of frustration again stung my eyes. There was no stopping them. Another "being stood up" mark was added to the ever growing list. This one had pierced my heart and the resolve of my soul was to never date again. Thus, the book of dating was slammed shut and the key sank to the bottom of the pool.

The Unexamined Life Is Not Worth Living Essay examples -- essays resea

Socrates was considered by many to be the wisest man in ancient Greece. While he was eventually condemned for his wisdom, his spoken words are still listened to and followed today. When, during his trial, Socrates stated that, â€Å"the unexamined life is not worth living† (Plato 45), people began to question his theory. They began to wonder what Socrates meant with his statement, why he would feel that a life would not be worth living. To them, life was above all else, and choosing to give up life would be out of the picture. They did not understand how one would choose not to live life just because he would be unable to examine it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Socrates felt that if he was unable to examine life, he would not be really living. To Socrates, living meant being able to question the world around him. Examining life gives one freedom. Once one examines himself and understands who he is, he can take control of his life. Socrates believed that the ability to ask, to examine, and to understand would make a life whole. He believed that the purpose of life was to grow, both physically and spiritually. Being able to explore and understand would lead to a deeper understanding of the world around us as well as a deeper understanding of ourselves. (Plato 46)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Socrates felt that, above all, one should be a good citizen and always do the right thing (Plato 18). However, many in his time did not worry about doing what was correct. Socrates realized this, and understood that they did not care to look into their actions and beliefs. Their first thoughts were on the goals that they had, such as money and pleasure, rather than the thought of whether or not the goals they held were actually what should have been considered important and right (Plato 26). Socrates knew that, unless they took the time to question their lifestyles, they would never do the right thing. By living a life that was being examined, the citizens would be living a life that was, for the most part, also right. Socrates believed that a life that was not right was not worth living, which is why he also felt as though an unexamined life would also be not worth living.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Socrates was brought to trial for the corruption of the city’s youth he knew he had done nothing wrong. He had lived his life as it should be lead, and did what he ne... ... when he is discussing the unexamined life. When Socrates mentions the oracle, he is explaining how one can believe he knows all but still can question life. Although he believes that a smarter man will not be found, Socrates still questions and examines the life he leads. This is the basic concept of philosophy, to try to examine and understand what is going on in life. Socrates understands that without this questioning, there would be no philosophy or a worthwhile life. (Plato 25)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Socrates was a wise man who realized that life was not something that could be easily understood. He knew that questioning life would lead to a stronger conception of life and reality. When he stated that â€Å"the unexamined life is not worth living† (Plato 45), he truly meant that without questioning life, one would not be truly living. Actions would have no understanding of being right or wrong. For Socrates, a man who believed that life should be based on what was right, there would be no greater wrongdoing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited Plato. Apology. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Educational, 1977.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Characterization in Science Fiction

Characterization in Science Fiction Kirill Kachinsky 03/30/2010 Introduction By analyzing Isaac Asimov's, â€Å"The Caves of Steel† as a work of the Science Fiction genre and its comparison to similar works in the genre as well as supporting texts, it will be clear to see how characterization amongst the five literary elements merely serves as a secondary discussion point within the work, as its non involvement proves valuable for the other literary element development. Caves of Steel character analysis â€Å"Caves of Steel† by Isaac Asimov proves to show throughout,that the lack of character detail and development allows for other literary elements such as setting and narration to benefit and create more interest for the avid Science Fiction reader. Characters such as Robot Daneel, Commissioner Enderby and Elijah Baley make it possible for the narrator to concentrate on the setting of the story, providing the readers with a grand visual of a futuristic city and an acute understanding of the development of social interaction in a foreseeable future. Flat characters in Science Fiction as vehicles for literary element development As for the fear of manufacturing the uncontrollable that was mentioned in the earlier section, primitive technology and its exploration is seen in the story, â€Å"The Lost Machine† by John Wyndham. Even though â€Å"The Lost Machine† is social science fiction and focusing on the human aspect more rather than the technical aspect of its genre predecessors, none the less the flat characterization of human characters is present. The story centers on a robot exploring Earth and realizing that our technology is primitive because we’re afraid of anything that’s superior to us; humans are portrayed as archaic beasts compared even to the robot as one human tries to sell the robot to another human, â€Å"I’m takin’ it to a place I know of—it ought to be worth a bit. † Once again the simplicity of a greedy human becomes a vehicle for the robot to further describe and interpret the people of Earth and its surroundings in its own point of view, or rather once again, making narration a key literary element in the story. The benefit and/or drawback of flat characterization The benefits of flat characterization are obvious. There is much more room for development of literary elements that are key to the genre of Science Fiction. But of course to every advantage there is a disadvantage, such mentioned earlier and put forth by Clyde F. Beck; a simple argument in which characterization should be more developed to engage the reader. In â€Å"A Conversation with Isaac Asimov,† Asimov simply states it’s a trade off in Science Fiction of one for the other, since the setting is so descriptive, in and of itself it is a character, â€Å"I meant also that spending time on background takes time away from your characters. You don't have characterization as it's usually understood by most people. If you consider your background society as a character, that society has all kinds of â€Å"characterization. Asimov’s statement holds true upon almost any Science Fiction novel, whether discovering or destroying worlds, the key literary elements do not include characterization, that element would most likely best well in a drama. Conclusion Caves of Steel like many Science Fiction works of literature contain certain prominent literary elements such as setting, style and narration. Although the literary element of characterization is not as prominent as the others, its absence is none the less important to any work of Science Fiction as its emptiness becomes the vehicle for the development of a â€Å"good† work of Science Fiction; a work full of descriptive setting, a setting that almost takes place of a fully developed character. Works Cited Asimov, Isaac. The Caves of Steel. New York: Bantam, 1991. Print. Ingersoll, Earl G. Isaac Asimov, Gregory Fitz Gerald, Jack Wolf, Joshua Duberman, and Robert Philmus. â€Å"A Conversation with Isaac Asimov. † Science Fiction Studies 14. 1 (1987): 68-77. Print. Smith, E. E. The Skylark of Space. Lincoln, Neb. : University of Nebraska, 2001. Print. Westfahl, Gary. â€Å"The Popular Tradition of Science Fiction Criticism. † Science Fiction Studies 26. 2 (1999): 187-212. Web. Wyndham, John, and Angus Wells. The Best of John Wyndham: 1932-1949. London: Sphere, 1973. Print.

How Does Arthur Miller Use Dramatic Devises Essay

Dramatic devices are an element of a play used to build a better understanding of the character. Dramatic devices come into play better when performed rather than read. Arthur Miller uses various dramatic devices to portray the character of Eddie, and let the reader or audience think about how Eddie is thinking. This essay will look at the different dramatic devices used. The most used and obvious dramatic device used is the colloquial American dialect. The way the play is written makes the reader read it with an American/Italian accent. For example Arthur Miller has swapped words like ‘you’ for ‘yiz’ in the sentence ‘ill see yiz later’ or abbreviates words in the appropriate places for example ‘my mother’ll know her’ This shows the actor how to speak in a casual working class American/Italian accent and get into character better. As A View from the Bridge is a play there are stage directions. These are another way of showing how Eddie is feeling without him saying so. For example in one scene Eddie is sitting in his rocking chair and surging back and forth, as if he was slightly deluded. Anyone watching the play could tell that Eddie was angry before he even says anything. It could also be perceived that Eddie was plotting something. Other examples of this are when he stands angrily cracking his knuckles showing he is mad and up for a fight. Another dramatic device cleverly used by Arthur Miller is sub-text. This makes the audience think about Eddie’s attitude to the other characters, especially the other males. He adds simple events into the plot, which can mean a great deal to the play. For example Marko challenges Eddie to lift the chair one handed. This fails and Eddie is proved not to be the strongest male. I think Eddie feels his place at the top of the unofficial pecking order threatened so tries to re-establish himself as alpha male. Eddie starts to challenges Rodolpho’s sexuality and puts him down a lot as  Rodolpho sings, dances and makes dresses. For example he asked Catherine if Rodolpho is making a dress for her, in front of him in a sarcastic way ‘ Knocked off for Christmas early (indicating the pattern) Rodolpho making you a dress’. As he no longer feels dominant he resorts to telling them that it is his house so they should listen to him for example ‘Its my house give me the respect I deserve’ I feel the other characters are unaware of Eddie’s troubles and carry on as normal. Eddie is now paranoid and thinks that the others disrespect him; as a result he targets the two females (maybe he feels they are the easiest to manipulate) and is constantly asking for respect ‘nobody gives me respect’ Eddie keeps saying to Catherine and Buertrice. Eddie feels the men are against him and tries to get them in trouble with immigration. The women also get annoyed and sometimes scared with Eddie’s new attitude. The dramatic devices sub-consciously get an unwritten message across to the audience, make the play three-dimensional, and improve the actor’s performance and therefore the audience viewing. This essay looks at and discusses the dramatic devises used by Arther Miller to portray the character of Eddie. I feel that Eddie is at a mid life crises. He feels threatened by new males in to the Carbone family. Italian families are generally close and Eddie has perhaps too close an interest for his niece Catherine. Not only does this make him jealous of Rodolpho but also Rodolpho lives as if he is from a higher classed family with his new suits. He is jealous of Marko as he is a younger and stronger man and he feels Catherine and Beatrice don’t give him the respect he deserves as head of the house hold.

Assignment: Blood Disorders

Running Heading: BLOOD DISORDERS Blood Disorders Athena Hackett Health and Diseases: Understanding Paths and Pathology June 20, 2010 Dr. Natasha Billups In each scenario provided each person is at risk of a specific disorder. The first patient Amy, who is the four year old Caucasian female, in my opinion is at risk for the blood disorder of Iron Deficiency Anemia. Next is person at possible risk of a specific blood disorder is Marcus. Marcus is a five year old African American male with a parent that carries the trait of Sickle Cell Anemia.Therefore, the possible blood disorder he is at risk for is Sickle Cell Anemia. Last is Richard and his possible blood disorder he is at risk for is Thrombocytopenia. Each person has specific symptoms that make them at risk for the blood disorders I mentioned above. Amy is a four year old Caucasian female with symptoms of being tired, pale skin and she is a very picky eater. Most of her foods are starches and processed meats and drinks. Her foods s eem to lack the desired amount of iron needed for a growing girl. According to webmd. om â€Å"decreased iron intake is a contributing factor in iron deficiency and the resulting iron deficiency anemia†. Iron deficiency Anemia is one of the more common cases of anemia. It can be controlled or prevented by adding more iron to a person’s diet. Foods that are high or rich in iron are red meats (beef), whole wheat bread, spinach, raisins and eggs. There are lots of other foods that are high in iron as well. If eating foods high in iron is not sufficient then a person can take iron vitamins to help with providing more iron to their diet.With taking iron a person has to be monitored and advised on how much they are able to take. If a person takes too much iron it could be dangerous to their health. There are also side effects with taking iron. One of the most common side effects of Iron Deficiency Anemia is constipation. Some people will have to increase their fiber intake t o avoid constipation. The next scenario mentioned was about a five year old African American male named Marcus. Marcus is at risk of having Sickle Cell Anemia because his mother is a carrier of that trait.On the website drkoop. com the definition of sickle cell is â€Å"is an inherited disease in which the red blood cells, normally disc-shaped, become crescent shaped. As a result, they function abnormally and cause small blood clots. These clots give rise to recurrent painful episodes called â€Å"sickle cell pain crises†. † It is a very painful disease and presently there is no cure. The majority of people with this disease is African American and mentioned previously it is inherited.Both parents have to be carriers of the trait for the child to have the disease. Due to the pain and discomfort patients are sometimes hospitalized for long periods of times. It can also be life threatening or there are severe crisis the person has to deal with. There are several types of crises are: Hemolytic crisis (occurs when damaged red blood cells break down); Splenic sequestration crisis (when the spleen enlarges and traps the blood cells); and Aplastic crisis (when an infection causes the bone marrow to stop producing red blood cells).Every patient with Sickle Cell Anemia will go through one or all of these crises at some point in their life. They can last from a few days to weeks or months. They affect the bones in the person’s body and eventually can cause damage to a major organ or several major organs. The last scenario mentioned was in regards to a male named Richard. Some of his symptoms were red spots around his eyes and bruises or ecchymosis all over his body. Based on those symptoms I thought me may be at risk of Thrombocytopenia.Thrombocytopenia is low blood platelet count. According to the mayoclinic. com â€Å"platelets (thrombocytes) are colorless blood cells that play an important role in blood clotting. Platelets stop blood loss by clu mping and forming plugs in blood vessel holes†. This particular blood disorder usually starts because of another disorder such as leukemia or an immune system malfunction, or as a medication side effect. One of the good things about his disorder is that it can be reversed if one of the other disorders is treated.In some cases if the disorder is chronic then medication, surgery or blood transfusion will reverse this disorder. There are many different types of blood disorders. From each scenario I was able to determine that some disorders can be treated without medication and just require dietary changes. Mean while others are not curable and are very painful to the person with that disorder. I was also able to discover that other disorders can bring on some blood disorders and are curable once you treat or cure the underlying problem.REFERENCES webmd. com dr. koop. com mayoclinic. com

Genetically Modified/Engineered Foods Essay

Genetically modified food products first emerged in the commercial markets some time around the mid 1990s and were a hot topic among producers and potential buyers alike. A decade has passed ever since and the debate around genetically engineered foods shows no signs of retreat. Initially, there was much enthusiasm to these foods due to the many advantages expected from these modified food crops, such as resistance to pests and the use of herbicides for the control of weed production in addition to the high nutritional value. Proponents of this new technology of food production were confident that its employment would yield extremely positive results including improved crop yield, agrochemical use and the production of highly nutritious food crops even in nutritionally drained soils. However, as time elapsed, research and study began to be conducted on these foods and it was soon brought to light that these foods are not safe for consumption, resulting in a backlash against the use of these foods. Opponents argue that the dangers associated with genetically engineered foods far outweigh the few benefits. The methods of production of foods due to gene slicing biotechnological are new and hence, the products obtained from them cannot be appropriately tested by the old methods. There is also a growing concern that genetically modified foods would create a monopoly of food supply in the hands of a few large companies which would cause tremendous harm to smaller farmers and agriculture businesses. The matter has become a political issue in many countries due to this fast, which has the power to influence the lives of millions of farmers across developed countries. The paper attempts to analyze both sides of the argument by highlighting some of the advantages and disadvantages of genetically modified foods. The primary worry is of course the danger and risk to the original composition of crops which would be substantially modified by the new techniques. The debate regarding genetically modified or engineered foods is getting more serious as there are numerous concerns regarding the environmental and health risks of food produced from this new technology. The primary causes of problems are believed to rise due to the antibiotic resistant genes used in the crops which are altered and modified. The production process also includes increased use of pesticides while planting the many varieties of modified plants (CFS 2000, 2004). Some authors have stated that genetic modification of foods is the new technology in agriculture which is â€Å"here to stay† (Schmidt 2005) ignoring the possibility of allergens which have the potential of triggering allergies in people due to the consumption of genetically engineered species of crops and agricultural products is a cause of concern. The growing episodes of food contamination prove that genetically modified foods are not absolutely safe to consume. The contamination of food due to the altered species of corn termed as ‘Starlink’ was the cause of contamination in numerous food products and due to which the company Aventis had to suffer huge losses to pay one hundred and ten million dollars in order to compensate the losses of farmers, food processors and grain handlers (Harl 2003; Jacobs 2003). There have been other contamination incidents which have resulted in severe health and financial problems to the biotech industry. Gillis (2002), Nichols (2002), and Greenpeace (2005). Besides, researchers are apprehensive of the testing methods of the FDA due to the alterations in the composition of these modified foods which subsequently results in changes of â€Å"toxicological, immunological, or nutritional concern† (Schenkelaars, 2002). The testing techniques of genetically modified foods by the FDA has attracted severe criticism for by top level scientists who are opposed to the process of gene alteration in food production and agriculture (Alliance for Biointegrity 2004). The general public too is apprehensive over the techniques used in the manufacture and production of genetically engineered foods (Schmidt, 2005). Schmidt (2005) explains that biotechnology enables scientists to employ methods for combination of genes from unrelated species of plants, animals and microorganisms for which many methods are used. The genes can be artificially combined using natural techniques to allow bacterial and viruses to â€Å"penetrate cells† or electric shocks â€Å"to destabilize the cell membranes† which would help in making the cell membranes â€Å"permeable†. All these artificial techniques facilitate the permeability of the cell membrane which otherwise evades the entry of any foreign genes or DNA from entering the original structure of the cell (Schmidt, 2005). Genetic engineering would mean going against nature for the creation of new substances, the validity of which remains an unanswered question. What is worse is the fact that the natural boundaries of the entire animal and plant kingdom will be at potential risk, since genetic engineering provides scientists with the ability to combine the genes of any existence on the face of the earth. The gene of a potato can be combined with the gene of a fish by introducing the former into the latter or vice versa. This scientific manipulation of foods is a growing concern among many scientists who feel that genetic alteration by humans can increase the levels of natural toxins in plants or allergens in foods. Genetic modification also increases the potential to enable plants and natural foods of â€Å"switching on genes that produce poison† (Shan, 2006). Other dangers of engineered foods include â€Å"antibiotic resistance† among foods, â€Å"increased pesticide residues†, â€Å"genetic pollution† and damage to soil fertility and the beneficial insects which would all subsequently cause â€Å"socio-economic hazards and ethical hazards to the entire human community† (Cummins 1999). Additionally, injection of chemical hormones like the IGF-1 in animals such as the cow increases the risk of serious diseases like cancers of the breast, colon and the prostate among consumers (Cummins 1999). Proponents of genetically engineered foods argue that these foods grown without the use of chemical additives are â€Å"superior†. The addition of food colors such as Para Red and Sudan III to naturally grown foods have resulted in several hazardous incidents as reported by the BBC News (2005) and since genetically produced foods are grown and stored without the use pesticides or fertilizers and any kind of artificial additives, supporters advocate its use. Reports regarding the growing cases of diseases such as asthma (Salam et al 2004), cancers (Muir 2005) and other harmful diseases caused due to farming techniques and pollution is a prime concern to the proponents of genetically modified foods. Heaton (2001) affirms the many health problems which occur due to the growing use of pesticides in natural foods including hormone disturbances, repression of the human immune system and other neurological damages. The chemicals used as pesticides in naturally produced foods include the likes of DDT which has been banned by most of the developed nations, and others such as lindane and astrazine (Shan, 2006). The pesticide residues such as organophosphates found in foods have been associated with hazardous effects such as reduced male fertility, cancer, abnormalities of the fetus, and even Parkinson’s disease (BMA 1992 and Robbins 1991). Additionally, high exposures of the farmers to pesticides have also enormously increased the risks of these farmers to cancers and other harmful diseases associated with them. (Schreinemachers, 2000; Alavanja et al. ,2003). Nutritionally too, genetically modified foods are believed to fare better than their natural counterparts. Research confirms that the nutritional value of genetically modified and grown foods is more than naturally grown foods. Worthington (2001) affirms that organic crops contain far more vitamins, minerals and other nutrients which are beneficial for the functioning of a healthy body. Besides, organic foods are believed to contain much less percentages of nitrates than naturally produced foods (Williams, 2002). The report by the Soil Association compares the nutritional value of genetically modified foods and naturally produced foods (Heaton 2001). Since many food products contain less water, which is why they shrink on storage, genetic engineering of foods tends to alter the structure of the plants so that the ability to retain more water in increased. This would also prevent the food from shrinking on being cooked. Genetic farming and modification of foods also restrict the use of drugs, especially in animals which reduces the risk of infections to humans. Besides, genetically engineered foods and products have higher levels of flavonoids, which act as a natural defense mechanism against the pests feeding on them (Shan, 2006). Flavonoids also play a crucial role in the prevention of cardiac problems and fatal diseases such as cancer. These foods also tend to have greater ant oxidation properties, due to the antioxidants like lycopene and phyto-nutrients like tannins present in them (Shan, 2006). Genetically modified foods have been an issue of debate over the possible advantages and disadvantages they may have on the health of humans. Thus, while it is important to adopt new technologies and procedures to better human life, the health and quality should not be compromised. It is the responsibility of regulatory authorities to adopt means and measures for appropriate testing of foods so that the general public gets maximum benefits from advancing technological processes without having to compromise health and wellbeing.